Tổng quan
Hypophosphatemia is an electrolyte imbalance where there is a decrease in the serum phosphate level that is less than the normal range. While hyperphosphatemia is an electrolyte disturbance in which an
increase in the serum phosphate level of more than the normal range is
present.
Mild to moderate cases of hypophosphatemia are usually asymptomatic; however, in severe cases, patients may present with confusion, irritability, numbness, paresthesia, encephalopathy, myalgia, osteomalacia, reversible respiratory failure, cardiomyopathy, and hemolysis.
Most symptoms of acute hyperphosphatemia are due to secondary hypocalcemia which include tetany, paresthesia, seizures, hypotension, and even arrhythmias.
Depending on renal function, serum phosphate may be normal or high in profound intracellular deficiency.
The goals of therapy include resolution the underlying cause, resolution of symptoms, and maintenance of serum calcium level within the normal reference range.
For further information regarding the management of Hypophosphatemia & Hyperphosphatemia, please refer to Disease Algorithm for the Treatment Guideline.
